struct ip_hdr_t is the structure of an ip header. "ih" (e.g., ih_src, ih_dst) stands for "Ip Header".
ip_hdr_t is declared in /include/net/gen/ip_hdr.h:
typedef struct ip_hdr
{
u8_t ih_vers_ihl, ih_tos;
u16_t ih_length, ih_id, ih_flags_fragoff;
u8_t ih_ttl, ih_proto;
u16_t ih_hdr_chk;
ipaddr_t ih_src, ih_dst;
} ip_hdr_t;
ih_vers_ihl: The lower 4 bits is the length of the header plus options (if there are any) shifted by 2 bit positions (i.e., its actual length is 4 times as great as the value stored in ih_vers_ihl). An example of an option is a router list that a packet should follow to its destination.
The upper four bits is the version number (e.g., IPv4).
ih_tos: tos stands for "Type Of Service" and is the priority of the ip packet. A value of zero is the lowest priority. Both UDP and TCP have a default TOS of zero.
#define TCP_DEF_TOS 0
#define UDP_TOS 0
ih_length: The length of the entire ip packet, including the ip header.
ih_id: The value of ih_id for the first packet sent out is determined by ip_init() and is equal to the number of clock ticks since reboot (i.e., the value returned by get_time) and is incremented for each packet sent out. This value is used to combine fragments at the receiving end if fragmentation has occurred.
ih_flags_fragoff: ih_flags_fragoff is a combination of flags and a (possible) fragmentation offset ("fragoff").
If the packet should not be fragmented, ih_flags_fragoff is set to IH_DONT_FRAG. If there are additional fragments (e.g., the 3rd fragment of 4 fragments), ih_flags_fragoff is set to IH_MORE_FRAGS.
If the packet is indeed just a fragment of a packet, this value indicates the starting byte position (in 8 byte increments) of the original ip packet's data. So for example, if an ip packet of data size (not including the ip header) is broken up into two fragments of 1496 and 504 bytes each, the first fragment would have a fragmentation offset of 0 bytes and the second fragment would have a fragmentation offset of 1496 bytes and ih_flags_fragoff is therefore 187 (1496 / 8 = 187).
ih_ttl: "Time to live" for the packet. As a packet is routed to the destination, each router decrements the packet's ttl. When the ttl reaches 0, the router sends an "icmp unreachable" packet to the source. The ttl is designed to prevent packets that can't reach their destination from indefinitely bouncing around between routers. UDP's default TTL is 30:
#define UDP_TTL 30
Note that the Minix code also uses this value as a timeout value (in seconds). This code was written before the ttl field was redefined to be strictly a hope count. The original IP RFC defines the ttl field as the time to live in seconds.
ih_proto: The protocol of the ip packet. For example, if the packet is a udp packet, ih_proto will be 17. If the packet is a tcp packet, ih_proto will be 6.
ih_hdr_chk: Checksum for the header.
ih_src, ih_dst: Source and destination ip address of the ip packet.
IP HEADER (as given by RFC 791)
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|Version| IHL |Type of Service| Total Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Identification |Flags| Fragment Offset |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Time to Live | Protocol | Header Checksum |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Source Address |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Destination Address |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Options | Padding |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
